N\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e fizik\u00ebs, na kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar se fotonet, n\u00eb dallim nga elektronet, protonet dhe neutronet, nuk kan\u00eb mas\u00eb dhe ngarkes\u00eb elektrike. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se fasha e drit\u00ebs nuk mund t\u2019i \u201cndaloj\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rrezet analoge gjat\u00eb takimit t\u00eb fotoneve me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, ato vet\u00ebm i interferojn\u00eb dhe aq\u2026
\nEdhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb menduar deri tani se k\u00ebto pjes\u00ebza nuk mund t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb unike, si\u00e7 ndodh, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rastet e atomeve dhe molekulave analoge. Fotonet nuk mund \u201ct\u00eb ngjiten\u201d sepse nuk kan\u00eb mas\u00eb dhe nuk zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb as ngarkesa elektrike, mir\u00ebpo disa koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, fizikan\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb, pedagog\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvadit dhe nga Instituti Teknologjik i Masa\u00e7usetsit, arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb origjinale fotonesh. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, ata krijuan kushte t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat fotonet mund t\u00eb ndikonin fuqish\u00ebm mbi nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn atomet e rubinit n\u00eb nj\u00eb kamera vakuminoze dhe i ftoh\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb temperatur\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me zeron absolute. Pastaj, me ca impulse t\u00eb dob\u00ebta rrezesh lazer, \u201cbombarduan\u201d \u201cret\u00eb\u201d e k\u00ebtyre atomeve, duke futur atje edhe fotone. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt pan\u00eb se k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit, duke u ndeshur me atomet e ftohta, e dhan\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb energjin\u00eb vetjake. Kuptohet se fotonet, n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte (pas asaj q\u00eb ndodhi), e ngadal\u00ebsuan shum\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e tyre. Pas k\u00ebsaj, filloi procesi m\u00eb interesant: N\u00eb mas\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb fotoneve rreth \u201creve\u201d t\u00eb atomeve t\u00eb ngrira, energjia e tyre u transmetohej atyre vet\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, fillimisht ajo endej nga atomi n\u00eb atom n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim q\u00eb shkonte fotoni dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund, e braktisi \u201cren\u00eb\u201d me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin foton. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, fotoni n\u00eb dalje l\u00ebvizte me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn shpejt\u00ebsi si n\u00eb hyrje. N\u00eb parim, asgj\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme nuk ka n\u00eb \u201csjelljen\u201d e k\u00ebtyre pjes\u00ebzave. Sikurse dihet, edhe fotoneve q\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb fash\u00ebn e drit\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb got\u00eb me uj\u00eb, u \u201cmerret nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e energjis\u00eb, e cila \u201cu kthehet\u201d p\u00ebrs\u00ebri atyre n\u00eb dalje, pa p\u00ebsuar ndonj\u00eb humbje. (Ka nj\u00eb analogji me dor\u00ebzimin e arm\u00ebve t\u00eb zjarrit n\u00eb klubet e nat\u00ebs n\u00eb SHBA, ku, n\u00eb fillim, klient\u00ebve u merren arm\u00ebt dhe ata mbeten pa to e pastaj, kur largohen nga lokali, u jepen dhe ata armatosen p\u00ebrs\u00ebri). Ndryshimi q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm n\u00eb faktin se mjedisi nga atomet e ftohta t\u00eb rubinit u merr fotoneve shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr energji. Ja, k\u00ebshtu, pasi regjistruan k\u00ebt\u00eb efekt, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb eksperiment interesant: L\u00ebshuan n\u00eb \u201cret\u00eb\u201d e atomeve t\u00eb ftohura nj\u00ebherazi dy fotone. U v\u00ebrtetua se ata u larguan nga \u201creja\u201d s\u00eb bashku, praktikisht, si nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb e vetme e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga dy atome. Po p\u00ebrse ndodhi ky fenomen? Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt pohojn\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, funksionoi mekanizmi i quajtur \u201cbllokimi i ridbergut\u201d, thelbi i t\u00eb cilit q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se kur nj\u00ebri atom tensionohet, \u201cv\u00ebllai\u201d i tij, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i af\u00ebrt me t\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb tensionohet deri n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn shkall\u00eb. Rezultat i k\u00ebtij bllokimi, sipas mendimit t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve, ishte fakti q\u00eb, kur nj\u00eb foton hyri te \u201creja\u201d, ai i dha energjin\u00eb e tij atomit m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt i cili u tensionua (ngacmua). Po vet\u00eb fotoni, ama, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, shkoi p\u00ebrpara gjersa kolegu i tij tensionoi (ngacmoi) atomin e dyt\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo fotoni i dyt\u00eb, q\u00eb \u201cfluturonte\u201d pran\u00eb nuk mund ta ngacmonte dhe tensiononte atomin e vet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \u201cbllokimit ridberg\u201d dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shkak, ai q\u00ebndronte pas shokut t\u00eb vet. Nd\u00ebrkaq, p\u00ebrderisa energjia e fotonit t\u00eb par\u00eb transmetohet nga atomi n\u00eb atom, pik\u00ebrisht si n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb stafet\u00eb, ai dhe \u201ci v\u00ebllai\u201d i mbetur prapa tij, do t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin gjithmon\u00eb s\u00eb bashku dhe do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprim. Ja, k\u00ebshtu u v\u00ebrtetua se mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb fotonesh, pra, ato t\u00eb shkrihen dhe t\u00eb bashkohen te nj\u00ebra-tjetra n\u00eb nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb t\u00eb vetme.
\nPo p\u00ebrse mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb e till\u00eb fotonesh?
\nShkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se, p\u00ebrderisa fotonet shikohen si mjet i shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr transmentimin e informacionit kuantotativ, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet aq shum\u00eb p\u00ebr realizimin e kompjuterave kuantotativ\u00eb, bashk\u00ebveprimi i tyre mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet fare mir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb. Deri tani, penges\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim (shkak q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb krijuar ende kompjuterat e k\u00ebtij lloji) ka qen\u00eb fakti se fotonet nuk kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Tani, me zbulimin e k\u00ebtij bashk\u00ebveprimi, prodhimi i k\u00ebtyre kompjuterave del n\u00eb rendin e dit\u00ebs\u2026 Pastaj, \u00e7do gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fillim dhe ende nuk dihet me sakt\u00ebsi se p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb fotonesh\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e fizik\u00ebs, na kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar se fotonet, n\u00eb dallim nga elektronet, protonet dhe neutronet, nuk kan\u00eb mas\u00eb dhe ngarkes\u00eb elektrike. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se fasha e drit\u00ebs nuk mund t\u2019i \u201cndaloj\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rrezet analoge gjat\u00eb takimit t\u00eb fotoneve me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, ato vet\u00ebm i interferojn\u00eb dhe aq\u2026 Edhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[616],"class_list":["post-6724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enciklopedi","tag-encklopedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6724\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}