Arian Boci \u00ebsht\u00eb specialist i sh\u0451ndetit publik, me fokus t\u0451 ve\u00e7ant\u0451 n\u0451 fush\u0451n e substancave abuzive, var\u00ebsis\u00eb ndaj bixhozit, sh\u0451ndetit riprodhues, HIV\/AIDS, etj. Ka kryer masterin p\u00ebr Sh\u0451ndet Publik n\u0451 Fakultetin e Mjek\u00ebsis\u0451 n\u0451 Tiran\u0451, si dhe Master Shkencor Nd\u0451rkomb\u0451tar p\u0451r politikat e substancave abuzive n\u0451 King\u2019s College of London (Angli). Ka kryer shum\u0451 studime pasuniversitare n\u0451 SHBA dhe Angli si n\u00eb National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Development Research Institute (NY), Harvvard Medical School, Oxford, etj.<\/p>\n
Ai ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e k\u00ebshillimit p\u00ebr var\u00ebsin\u00eb ndaj drogave dhe bixhozit dhe ofron seanca k\u00ebshillimi individuale, n\u00eb \u00e7ift apo n\u00eb grup.<\/p>\n
– Si \u00ebsht\u00eb situata e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb drog\u00ebs n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb?
\n– N\u0451 dit\u0451t e sotme, p\u0451rdorimi dhe abuzimi me drog\u00ebn ose substancat ilegale, si\u00e7 thuhet, \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 fenomen i pranish\u0451m. Numri i p\u0451rdoruesve t\u0451 drog\u0451s ka ardhur n\u0451 rritje, duke rritur ndjesh\u0451m jo vet\u0451m problemet sh\u0451ndet\u0451sore, por n\u0451 t\u0451 nj\u0451jt\u0451n koh\u0451, edhe koston shoq\u0451rore dhe financiare q\u0451 shoq\u0451ria duhet t\u0451 paguaj\u0451 p\u0451r k\u0451t\u0451 fenomen.
\n– Cilat jan\u00eb grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara?
\n– Nd\u00ebr grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura jan\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb. Vitet e fundit ka nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ndjeshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre substancave nga vajzat, sidomos p\u00ebrdorimi i marijuan\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr drogat e tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb forta, si heroina, kokaina, ekstazia, etj., mbizot\u00ebron ndjesh\u00ebm numri i meshkujve.
\n– Ka shum\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizime n\u00eb lidhje me drog\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e saj. Disa thon\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb ves, disa e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb si nj\u00eb fenomen social, disa si s\u00ebmundje. Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi i sakt\u00eb i k\u00ebtij fenomeni?
\n– N\u0451 dit\u0451t e sotme, zhvillimi i teknologjis\u0451 mjek\u0451sore ka b\u0451r\u0451 t\u0451 mundur q\u0451 t\u0451 kemi nj\u0451 kuptim t\u0451 qart\u0451 mbi k\u0451t\u0451 problem. Sot, var\u0451sia ndaj drogave konsiderohet si nj\u0451: \u201cS\u0451mundje kronike e trurit (plot\u0451sisht e parandalueshme dhe e trajtueshme), e cila karakterizohet nga apasionimi dhe d\u0451shira shum\u0451 e madhe p\u0451r t\u0451 marr\u0451 drog\u0451, edhe pse p\u0451rdorimi i saj i vazhduesh\u0451m jep pasoja t\u0451 r\u0451nda p\u0451r sh\u0451ndetin e p\u0451rdoruesit\u201d. Te shum\u0451 njer\u0451z, var\u0451sia ndaj drogave kthehet n\u0451 nj\u0451 s\u0451mundje kronike me mund\u0451si t\u0451 shumta rikthimi, edhe pas nj\u0451 periudhe t\u0451 gjat\u0451 mosp\u0451rdorimi droge. Personat q\u00eb b\u0451hen t\u0451 varur ndaj drog\u0451s, nuk mund ta kontrollojn\u0451 m\u0451 p\u0451rdorimin e saj, edhe pse p\u0451rballen me pasoja negative social-sh\u0451ndet\u0451sore p\u0451r jet\u0451n, t\u0451 cilat lindin dhe p\u0451rkeq\u0451sohen si rezultat i p\u0451rdorimit e abuzimit me drogat.
\n– Pra, \u00ebsht\u00eb s\u00ebmundje kronike e trurit dhe jo ves?
\n– Var\u0451sia ndaj drogave \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 s\u0451mundje kronike e trurit dhe, duke qen\u00eb e till\u0451, p\u0451rdoruesit e saj nuk mund t\u0451 paragjykohen, diskriminohen, apo p\u0451rjashtohen nga marrja e sh\u0451rbimeve social-sh\u0451ndet\u0451sore p\u0451r shkak t\u0451 k\u0451tij problemi. Var\u0451sia ndaj drogave \u0451sht\u0451 e parandalueshme dhe e trajtueshme, edhe pse rruga drejt sh\u0451rimit \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 rrug\u0451 e gjat\u0451, plot probleme e t\u0451 papritura. Por, n\u0451se lihet pa trajtuar, p\u0451rdorimi i drog\u0451s \u00e7on drejt pasojave t\u0451 r\u0451nda dhe fatale jo vet\u0451m p\u0451r individin, por edhe p\u0451r komunitetin n\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si.
\n– Sa \u00ebsht\u00eb numri i personave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin drog\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb?
\n– Referuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb fundit, numri i personave q\u00eb jan\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur apo kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur substanca ilegale, varion nga 40.000\u201360.000 persona. Rreth 10-15% e tyre jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb drogave intravenoze, kryesisht, heroine dhe kokaine.
\n– Dihet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i drogave, sidomos atyre me injektim, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00ebnyrat m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme p\u00ebr marrjen e infeksioneve t\u00eb tilla si HIV, Hepatiti B dhe C. Duke patur parasysh q\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, \u00e7do vit regjistrohen raste t\u00eb reja me HIV te p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave, si \u00ebsht\u00eb situata n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb?
\n– P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb, nuk kemi nj\u00eb skenar t\u00eb till\u00eb, edhe pse p\u00ebrmes programeve parandaluese p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u2019i shmangim. Prej koh\u00ebsh, n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb jan\u00eb ngritur programet e Zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb D\u00ebmit, t\u00eb cilat shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb shiringa (age) dhe mjete t\u00eb injektimit t\u00eb sigurta te p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave intravenoze, me q\u00ebllim shmangien e rip\u00ebrdorimit apo shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb shiringave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebtyre nd\u00ebrhyrjeve, por dhe pun\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe informuese dhe edukuese dhe kordinimit te mir\u00eb t\u00eb organizmave shtet\u00ebrore, donator\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj, dhe OJF-ve n\u00eb vend, infeksioni HIV n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup popullate \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shifra tep\u00ebr t\u00eb vogla dhe n\u00ebn kontroll. Megjithat\u00eb, koh\u00ebt e fundit shohim nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ndjeshme t\u00eb rasteve me Hepatit C te p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave me injektim dhe kjo, n\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kamban\u00eb alarmi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar dhe zgjeruar sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00ebn, p\u00ebrpjekjet dhe programet parandaluese n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup popullate.
\n– Sa i p\u00ebrgjigjen k\u00ebsaj situate sh\u00ebrbimet social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shtres\u00eb njer\u00ebzish?
\n– P\u00ebrdorimi i drogave ilegale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen i ri n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb dhe rrjedhimisht, hapja apo mbulimi me sh\u00ebrbime social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, kuptohet q\u00eb l\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar.
\n– Si luftohet var\u00ebsia ndaj drogave? A ka trajtim specifik p\u00ebr t\u00eb?
\n– N\u0451 fakt, var\u0451sia ndaj drogave nuk luftohet vet\u0451m me nj\u0451 p\u0451rqasje, por me nj\u0451 kombinim dhe integrim t\u0451 disa nd\u0451rhyrjeve, t\u0451 cilat n\u0451 faza t\u0451 ndryshme b\u0451jn\u0451 t\u0451 mundur zvog\u0451limin e d\u0451meve nga p\u0451rdorimi i drog\u0451s, si dhe m\u0451 pas, adresimin e k\u0451tij problemi q\u0451 nga trajtimi e deri te nd\u0451rprerja e p\u0451rkohshme apo e plot\u0451 e tij.
\n– M\u00eb ngacmoi shum\u00eb fraza \u201czvog\u00eblimi i d\u00ebmit\u201d… Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i saj?
\n– P\u0451rqasja e zvog\u0451limit t\u0451 d\u0451mit e pranon fenomenin e p\u0451rdorimit t\u0451 drog\u0451s n\u0451 shoq\u0451ri, por kryesisht fokuson nd\u0451rhyrjen n\u0451 zvog\u0451limin e d\u0451meve t\u0451 lidhura me p\u0451rdorimin e drog\u0451s tek individ\u0451t p\u0451rdorues, t\u0451 cil\u0451t n\u0451 fazat e m\u0451tejshme mund t\u0451 heqin dor\u0451 prej p\u0451rdorimit t\u0451 drog\u0451s apo referohen n\u0451 programe t\u0451 tjera, si ato t\u0451 terapis\u0451 mbajt\u0451se (Metadon, Buprenorphin\u0451) detoxifikim (\u00e7helmim), programe rehabilitimi etj.
\nN\u0451 m\u0451nyr\u0451 t\u0451 p\u0451rmbledhur mund t\u0451 thuhet se \u201czvog\u0451limi i d\u0451mit\u201d te p\u0451rdoruesit e drog\u0451s ka p\u0451r q\u0451llim t\u0451 zvog\u0451loj\u0451 p\u0451rhapjen e infeksioneve t\u0451 tilla si HIV, hepatitet apo infeksione t\u0451 tjera t\u0451 lidhura me p\u0451rdorimin e drogave, t\u00eb reduktoj\u0451 rrezikun e mbidoz\u0451s, p\u0451rfshirjen e p\u0451rdoruesve n\u0451 sjellje antisociale, si dhe t\u0451 zvog\u0451loj\u0451 efektet e tjera negative q\u0451 ka p\u0451rdorimi i drog\u0451s mbi individ\u0451t dhe komunitetin n\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si.
\n– Sot po flitet shum\u00eb p\u00ebr legalizimin e marijuan\u00ebs. Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb opinioni juaj?
\n– N\u00eb fakt, deri m\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjekur filozofia \u201cZero Toleranc\u00eb\u201d ndaj drog\u00ebs, e cila fokusohet n\u00eb zvog\u0451limin e ofert\u0451s: Shkat\u0451rrimi, nd\u0451rprerja apo kufizimi i rrjeteve t\u0451 prodhimit dhe trafikimit t\u0451 substancave ilegale, filozofi e cila deri m\u00eb tani ka rezultuar e pasuksesshme, pasi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jemi d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb q\u00eb, nd\u00ebr vite, numri i p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drogave dhe rreziqeve social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga ky p\u00ebrdorim, ka ardhur gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje.
\nNga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave ka d\u00ebnime shum\u00eb t\u00eb ashpra t\u00eb cilat shkojn\u00eb nga d\u00ebnime alternative deri n\u00eb burgime afatgjata, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm inefektive, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha, rrisin kostot financiare dhe sociale t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Pra, burgimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb alternativ\u00eb apo zgjidhja e problemit. Trajtimi i drog\u00ebs k\u00ebrkon nd\u00ebrhyrje social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Shum\u00eb vende tani kan\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrqasjen ndaj var\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb drog\u00ebs, duke kaluar nga penalizimi i p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drog\u00ebs, n\u00eb dekriminalizim t\u00eb tyre apo legalizim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb drog\u00ebs.
\n– Cila \u00ebsht\u00eb diferenca midis dekriminalizimit dhe legalizimit, a nuk duken si t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta?
\n– Jo, dekriminalizim do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb person kapet me nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb caktuar droge p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim personal ditor (p\u00ebr shembull: 1 gram heroin\u00eb) dhe v\u00ebrtetohet q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues droge, nuk d\u00ebnohet me burg, por referohet n\u00eb programe social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, nd\u00ebrsa shitja, prodhimi e trafikimi i l\u00ebnd\u00ebve narkotike ilegale \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm. Nd\u00ebrsa me legalizim, kuptohet q\u00eb kultivimi, shitja, p\u00ebrdorimi jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht ligjore dhe nuk asnje mas\u00eb d\u00ebnimi. Shembuj t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm ka n\u00eb Holland\u00eb, Zvic\u00ebr, Gjermani, Portugali, Itali, Greqi, SHBA, etj.
\n– Por a nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn kjo rrezik p\u00ebr shtim t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve?
\n– Jo, aspak. Eksperienca dhe faktet kan\u00eb treguar q\u00eb dekriminalizimi dhe legalizimi jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk rritin numrin e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drogave, por ulin ndjesh\u00ebm dhe d\u00ebmet social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb lidhura me k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, t\u00eb cilat n\u00ebse p\u00ebrkthehen n\u00eb shifra, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb: Mij\u00ebra jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuara dhe miliona euro p\u00ebrfitime p\u00ebr shtetin. Pra, n\u00ebse sot nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues heroine e p\u00ebrdor at\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb fshehta nga frika e ligjit, n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb politike dekriminalizuese, ai do ta p\u00ebrdor\u00eb drog\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb, duke shmangur k\u00ebshtu rrezikun nga overdoza, marrjen e infeksioneve t\u00eb ndryshme si HIV\/AIDS apo hepatite dhe, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, nuk d\u00ebnohet nga ligji.
\n– A mendoni se edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ka ardhur koha p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb?
\n– Un\u00eb mendoj se hapi i par\u00eb q\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim \u00ebsht\u00eb rishikimi i kodit penal, i cili nuk d\u00ebnon p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave q\u00eb kapen me sasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim personal, por nuk p\u00ebrcakton sasin\u00eb e sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim personal. Kjo gj\u00eb \u00e7on shpesh n\u00eb abuzim me interpretimin e ligjit dhe d\u00ebnim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drog\u00ebs. S\u00eb dyti, ka ardhur koha q\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb t\u00eb futet politika e dekriminalizimit te p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drog\u00ebs dhe, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, e mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb programeve edukuese dhe t\u00eb zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb d\u00ebmit. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb hapi i par\u00eb, i cili m\u00eb pas duhet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb drejt legalizimit t\u00eb drogave t\u00eb lehta.
\nDua t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebris edhe nj\u00ebher\u00eb se, nga pik\u00ebpamja social-sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, droga nuk luftohet vet\u00ebm me masa represive policore, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha, k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb integruar dhe t\u00eb balancuar midis reduktimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs e ofert\u00ebs p\u00ebr drog\u00eb e programeve t\u00eb zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb d\u00ebmit dhe t\u00eb edukimit e parandalimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, i cili duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb hershme.
\n– Dhe, s\u00eb fundi, desh\u00ebm t\u00eb na thoshit di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr veprimtarin\u00eb organizat\u00ebs suaj STOP AIDS n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave…
\n– P\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave ne kemi nj\u00eb furgon, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme si nj\u00ebsi infermierie. \u00c7do dit\u00eb, stafi yn\u00eb del n\u00eb terren n\u00eb zonat ku injektojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e drogave dhe ofron sh\u00ebrbimet e m\u00ebposhtme, si: Shp\u00ebrndarje e shiringave sterile, mbledhjen dhe asgj\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorurave, mjekim t\u00eb plag\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb drog\u00ebs, shp\u00ebrndarje materialesh informuese dhe edukuese, testim p\u00ebr HIV, hepatit B&C, k\u00ebshillimi, referime etj. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pune dhe programeve t\u00eb tilla, infeksioni HIV te k\u00ebta p\u00ebrdorues \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shifra tep\u00ebr t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe ka kontribuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb mbajtjen e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb nj\u00eb vend me p\u00ebrhapje t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb HIV\/AIDS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Arian Boci \u00ebsht\u00eb specialist i sh\u0451ndetit publik, me fokus t\u0451 ve\u00e7ant\u0451 n\u0451 fush\u0451n e substancave abuzive, var\u00ebsis\u00eb ndaj bixhozit, sh\u0451ndetit riprodhues, HIV\/AIDS, etj. Ka kryer masterin p\u00ebr Sh\u0451ndet Publik n\u0451 Fakultetin e Mjek\u00ebsis\u0451 n\u0451 Tiran\u0451, si dhe Master Shkencor Nd\u0451rkomb\u0451tar p\u0451r politikat e substancave abuzive n\u0451 King\u2019s College of London (Angli). Ka kryer shum\u0451 studime […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5728"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5728\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}