{"id":27904,"date":"2021-10-14T13:07:45","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T11:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/?p=27904"},"modified":"2021-10-14T13:07:48","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T11:07:48","slug":"cfare-e-shkakton-disleksine-nga-lorela-garuli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/2021\/10\/cfare-e-shkakton-disleksine-nga-lorela-garuli\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb e shkakton disleksin\u00eb? Nga Lorela Garuli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb specifikohet nj\u00eb shkak i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rastet e disleksis\u00eb, pasi n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi shfaqja e disleksis\u00eb tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt vjen si rrjedhoj\u00eb e kombinimit t\u00eb dy faktor\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

o   Faktori neurologjik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

o   Faktori kognitiv<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas faktorit neurologjik<\/strong> <\/em>ekziston nj\u00eb lidhje mes gabimeve q\u00eb shfaqin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar e n\u00eb t\u00eb lexuar, me dominimin e nj\u00ebr\u00ebs hemisfer\u00eb t\u00eb trurit (Torres & Fernandes, 2004). Gjetjet sugjerojn\u00eb se lexuesit tipik\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta integrojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb informacionin vizual me at\u00eb zanor, duke i lejuar atyre t\u2019i njohin, identifikojn\u00eb dhe lexojn\u00eb fjal\u00ebt shum\u00eb m\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb shpejt sesa disleksik\u00ebt (Finn et al, 2014). Do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rastin e lexuesve tipik\u00eb, rrjetet neuronale jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00eblidhura m\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebrenduar sesa n\u00eb rastin e lexuesve disleksik\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imazhet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga rezonancat magentike t\u00eb trurit n\u00eb rastet me disleksi, kan\u00eb treguar se n\u00eb nivel neuroanatomik defi\u00e7itet nuk jan\u00eb konkretisht n\u00eb proceset e t\u00eb lexuarit, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb tek funksionet ekzekutive t\u00eb lidhura me procesimin vizual dhe auditiv t\u00eb informacionit (Clark et al, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Lexuesit disleksik\u00eb shfaqin pik\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe rezultate m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta n\u00eb detyra q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me stimuj verbal\u00eb, hap\u00ebsinor\u00eb, auditiv\u00eb, rezultate t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se ka nj\u00eb lloj defi\u00e7iti n\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebn e majt\u00eb t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb personave disleksik\u00eb, duke shpjeguar k\u00ebshtu v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ata shfaqin. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak fjala se k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb vuajn\u00eb nga ndonj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim tjet\u00ebr neurologjik, por q\u00eb kan\u00eb dallime n\u00eb zonat p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn dhe shprehit\u00eb psikolinguistike. Sipas pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb faktor\u00ebve neurologjik\u00eb si shkaktar\u00eb t\u00eb disleksis\u00eb, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb shfaqin inversione, kthime, rrotullime si n\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb t\u00eb shkronjave, numrave, figurave, psh. d n\u00eb b, p n\u00eb q  me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktor\u00ebt kognitiv\u00eb <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perceptimi i stimujve vizual\u00eb, p\u00ebrpunimi i informacionit, dekodimi i mesazheve verbale, kujtesa e pun\u00ebs jan\u00eb disa prej shum\u00eb element\u00ebve kognitiv\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb proceset e g\u00ebrm\u00ebzimit, leximit, drejtshkrimit dhe riprodhimit linguistik. M\u00eb posht\u00eb renditen faktor\u00ebt kognitiv\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb shpjegues t\u00eb shfaqjes s\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb disleksis\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

o   Defi\u00e7ite n\u00eb perceptim dhe kujtes\u00eb. Evidenca prej studimeve t\u00eb ndryshme (Torres & Fernandes, 2004) kan\u00eb treguar se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb perceptimin e stimujve vizual\u00eb, por jo kur k\u00ebta jan\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur. V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb lidhur me stimujt vizual\u00eb shfaqen kur k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit shoq\u00ebrohen prej atyre verbal\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb identifikimin vizual t\u00eb shkronjave apo rrokjeve, por n\u00eb rastet q\u00eb ato etiketohen si fjal\u00eb dhe em\u00ebrtime, at\u00ebher\u00eb ata shfaqen t\u00eb paqart\u00eb n\u00eb lexim. Pra, v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha jan\u00eb t\u00eb tipit verbal dhe fonologjik, m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa perceptive vizuale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

o   Defi\u00e7ite n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit verbal. Problemi q\u00eb shfaqin k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb kur vjen puna p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb konceptual, por teknik. Do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb shfaqin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi jo p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb lexojn\u00eb, pasi kan\u00eb nj\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, por n\u00eb \u00e7astin kur u duhet t\u00eb kthejn\u00eb n\u00eb verbale, at\u00eb simbol, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkronja. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb mir\u00eb kodifikimin simbol-tingull, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar sakt\u00eb. Kur lexojn\u00eb, ata nuk transformojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e duhur vizualisht shkronjat n\u00eb nj\u00eb kod zanor\/vokal. Aspekt tjet\u00ebr karakteristik i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve disleksik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim sintaksor i ndrysh\u00ebm prej f\u00ebmij\u00ebve disleksik\u00eb, ku vihet re m\u00eb pak rrjedhshm\u00ebri, fjalor m\u00eb i varf\u00ebr, formulim fjalish m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb dhe elementar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

o   Disfunksione sensoriale (Gos\u00ebami, 2015). V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e disleksis\u00eb shpjegohen me an\u00eb t\u00eb defi\u00e7iteve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb n\u00eb perceptim dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin shqisor t\u00eb informacioneve, duke shtuar munges\u00ebn e p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs dhe ushtrimit t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb veprimtarive t\u00eb t\u00eb lexuarit dhe t\u00eb shkruarit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, p\u00ebrqasjet kognitive priren t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr shpjegimit t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb disleksis\u00eb, duke pasur parasysh gjithmon\u00eb se k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb total, por n\u00eb g\u00ebrm\u00ebzim, lexim dhe drejtshkrim, konkretisht n\u00eb kodifikimin fonologjik-fonetik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burimi: Humanum.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb specifikohet nj\u00eb shkak i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rastet e disleksis\u00eb, pasi n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi shfaqja e disleksis\u00eb tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt vjen si rrjedhoj\u00eb e kombinimit t\u00eb dy faktor\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb: o   Faktori neurologjik o   Faktori kognitiv Sipas faktorit neurologjik ekziston nj\u00eb lidhje mes gabimeve q\u00eb shfaqin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt disleksik\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar e n\u00eb t\u00eb lexuar, me dominimin e nj\u00ebr\u00ebs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":27905,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[744,765,1194],"class_list":["post-27904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psikologu","tag-gazeta-intervista","tag-intervista-online","tag-lorela-garuli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27904"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}