Meteorolog\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjitha vendeve kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se viti 2013 ishte i ngjash\u00ebm me nj\u00eb nga vitet e dekad\u00ebs 1978-1988 kur ka patur anomali t\u00eb m\u00ebdha klimaterike. Ata i lidhin k\u00ebto fenomene me qarkullimin e er\u00ebrave t\u00eb Antarktid\u00ebs. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb meteorolog\u00ebve, temperatura mesatare n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb oqeaneve, n\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00eb muajt e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, e ka tejkaluar at\u00eb t\u00eb viteve 1961-1990, me 0.48 grad\u00eb celcius. N\u00eb pranver\u00ebn e vitit 2013, diku ka qen\u00eb vap\u00eb e tmerrshme, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb tjera, ka qen\u00eb ftoht\u00eb. N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, temperatura n\u00eb stin\u00ebn e vjesht\u00ebs ka arritur n\u00eb 20-25 grad\u00eb. P\u00ebrmbytjet e m\u00ebdha n\u00eb pellgjet e lumenjve Amur, Danub dhe Elb\u00eb, n\u00eb sfondin e that\u00ebsirave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Brazilit, Angol\u00ebs, Namibis\u00eb dhe Zeland\u00ebs s\u00eb Re tregojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb skicuar nj\u00eb hart\u00eb e re e ngrohjes globale. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb, s\u00eb bashku me ata amerikan\u00eb, kan\u00eb zbuluar lidhje t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Hemisfer\u00ebs Veriore dhe \u201chollimit\u201d t\u00eb shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb akullit e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs n\u00eb Antarktid\u00eb. Hollimi i shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb Arktikut shpjegohet me rrymat atmosferike, ashtu sikurse ka ngjar\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, n\u00eb vise t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Institucionet shkencore q\u00eb merren me k\u00ebt\u00eb veprimtari, kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re ndryshime t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla jo vet\u00ebm 127 vjet p\u00ebrpara, sikurse \u00ebsht\u00eb menduar deri tani, por 520 milion\u00eb vite t\u00eb shkuara, gj\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se klima globale e Tok\u00ebs ka ndryshuar vazhdimisht edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe temperatura n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, ka ndryshuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5 grad\u00eb Celsius.
\nA tregojn\u00eb k\u00ebto ndryshim\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen ka influencuar njeriu dhe veprimtaria e tij?
\nShkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpjegojn\u00eb se burimi kryesor q\u00eb mban gjall\u00eb Tok\u00ebn, atmosfer\u00ebn, oqeanin dhe litosfer\u00ebn ka qen\u00eb e mbetet Dielli dhe si pasoj\u00eb e fenomenit serr\u00eb, energjia e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur m\u00eb pak se 2,5 Vt\/\u043c2, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mjafton p\u00ebr ndikime t\u00eb qen\u00ebsishme. Energjia dhe radiacioni i Diellit jan\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e ciklit 11-vje\u00e7ar, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb ai nuk ndikon ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb ndryshimet klimaterike n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Nd\u00ebrkaq, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve u kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen ndryshimet q\u00eb vihen re n\u00eb procesin e ngrohjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs nga Dielli. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, ka patur ndryshime t\u00eb ndjeshme: Shtime dhe pak\u00ebsime. Por, duke analizuar faktet konkrete, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb konstatuar se edhe oshilacionet e ndodhura gjat\u00eb veprimtaris\u00eb Tok\u00eb-Diell dhe anasjelltas, jan\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikmin e Kozmosit. Po shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se ngrohja globale q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb vitet 1985-2004, ka lidhje me reflektimin e radiacionit diellor nga Toka p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Diellit. Edhe k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm ndikimi i Kozmosit. Drit\u00ebn e Diellit e p\u00ebrhapin me nj\u00eb efektivitet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb grimcat e aerozolit atmosferik n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreze prej 1 mkm. Ato nuk jan\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se pika uji dhe kristale akulli. Ve\u00e7 tyre, n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka edhe shum\u00eb grimca t\u00eb forta, t\u00eb cilat luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol ky\u00e7 n\u00eb formimin e “reve” dhe t\u00eb “albedos” (reflektimi i shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ose fuqia pasqyruese e nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqeje). Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pluhur t\u00eb ket\u00eb, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ftohur klim\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs.
\nPor, nga vijn\u00eb ato grimca q\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol kaq t\u00eb madh n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e klim\u00ebs s\u00eb planetit ton\u00eb?
\nTani, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb pik\u00eb dyshimi se ato vijn\u00eb nga Kozmosi. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kan\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar kat\u00ebrcip\u00ebrisht studimet e kryera n\u00eb vitet 1985-2004. Tanim\u00eb, pluhur me prejardhje tok\u00ebsore nuk ka m\u00eb, sepse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzier me pluhurin kozmik.
\nPor, kur vjen ky pluhur nga Kozmosi?
\nPluhuri vjen n\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb saj rreth Diellit dhe kjo ndodh kryesisht si pasoj\u00eb e th\u00ebrrmimit t\u00eb meteorit\u00ebve gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjes me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe me Tok\u00ebn.
\nP\u00ebr \u00e7\u2019arsye ndryshon atje sasia e pluhurit, nj\u00eb her\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb, m\u00eb pak? Sipas shum\u00eb autor\u00ebve, burimi kryesor i pluhurit kozmik nd\u00ebrplanetar vjen nga kometat, n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e t\u00eb cilave ndikojn\u00eb pozicionet dhe nd\u00ebrveprimet e planeteve. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, sasia e pluhurit varet nga l\u00ebvizjet e planeteve, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilave krijohen ret\u00eb e pluhurit kozmik. K\u00ebsisoj, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur edhe n\u00eb studimet e m\u00ebparshme, jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje tani t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb prognoz\u00ebn e rritjes apo t\u00eb uljes s\u00eb temperaturave rreth planetit ton\u00eb. Sipas parashikimeve t\u00eb deritanishme, n\u00eb 50 vitet e ardhshme, n\u00eb Tok\u00eb, pritet nj\u00eb ulje e temperaturave q\u00eb do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 0,5 grad\u00eb \u0421elsius.
\nDikush mund t\u00eb thot\u00eb se \u201calbedo\u201d e Tok\u00ebs ka filluar t\u00eb rritet q\u00eb nga vit 2000, por deri tani nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re ndonj\u00eb ftohje e p\u00ebrgjithshme. Me sa duket, p\u00ebrgjigjen specialist\u00ebt, kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me inercin\u00eb e sistemit klimaterik. Kjo u jep shkas kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre, pra, ithtar\u00ebve t\u00eb ngrohjes klimaterike, q\u00eb t\u00eb f\u00ebrkojn\u00eb duart t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur. Ndofta del parashikimi i tyre, kushedi\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Meteorolog\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjitha vendeve kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se viti 2013 ishte i ngjash\u00ebm me nj\u00eb nga vitet e dekad\u00ebs 1978-1988 kur ka patur anomali t\u00eb m\u00ebdha klimaterike. Ata i lidhin k\u00ebto fenomene me qarkullimin e er\u00ebrave t\u00eb Antarktid\u00ebs. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb meteorolog\u00ebve, temperatura mesatare n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb oqeaneve, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[401],"class_list":["post-2642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-enciklopedi","tag-moti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2642"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2642\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}