{"id":22392,"date":"2019-05-11T23:00:39","date_gmt":"2019-05-11T21:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/?p=22392"},"modified":"2019-05-11T22:54:36","modified_gmt":"2019-05-11T20:54:36","slug":"%ef%bb%bf10-epidemite-me-te-keqija-ne-histori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/2019\/05\/%ef%bb%bf10-epidemite-me-te-keqija-ne-histori\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufeff10 epidemit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija n\u00eb histori"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u00ebmundjet kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

por n\u00eb disa periudha kan\u00eb qen\u00eb aq vdekjeprur\u00ebse dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

saq\u00eb kan\u00eb shkaktuar vdekjen e papritur t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjeje alarmuese t\u00eb popullis\u00ebs\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb qyteti, vendi apo rajoni. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja cilat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb epidemit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\nMurtaja e Athin\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitin 430 p.e.s., nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb vendin\nfqinj\u00eb po zhvillohej lufta e Peloponezit, historiani grek Tucididi shkroi p\u00ebr\nepidemin\u00eb e par\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar t\u00eb historis\u00eb. Kjo s\u00ebmundje, e njohur si Murtaja\ne Athin\u00ebs, shkat\u00ebrroi qytetin, duke vrar\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, nd\u00ebr ta edhe nj\u00eb burr\u00eb\nshteti grek, Perikleun. Specialist\u00ebt dyshojn\u00eb se shkaktar i epidemis\u00eb ishte\ntifoja. Simptomat ishin syt\u00eb e enjtur, era e keqe e goj\u00ebs, spazmat, diarreja\ndhe ul\u00e7erat e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs. \u201cAta q\u00eb mbijetuan prej saj, shpesh humbisnin pamjen,\ngisht\u00ebrinjt\u00eb ose organet gjenitale\u201d, shkruan Tucididi. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj epidemie,\nvdiq pothuajse nj\u00eb e treta e popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\nMurtaja e Justinianit   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justiniani I, perandor i Perandoris\u00eb\nBizantine, pati \u201cnderin\u201d q\u00eb kjo s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb kishte emrin e tij. Epidemia, e\ncila arriti kulmin n\u00eb vitet 541-42 p.e.s., vrau afro 10 mij\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb dit\u00eb, n\u00eb\nKonstandinopoj\u00eb (Stambolli i sot\u00ebm). T\u00eb gjall\u00ebve u duhej t\u00eb stivosnin trupat\nsip\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit, sepse njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb vdisnin, nuk arrinin t\u00eb varroseshin. Kjo\n\u00ebsht\u00eb epidemia e par\u00eb e murtaj\u00ebs bubonike, nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb ka vrar\u00eb afro 200\nmilion\u00eb njer\u00ebz nd\u00ebr vite. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\nVdekja e Zez\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vdekja e zez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pandemi q\u00eb ka mbret\u00ebruar\np\u00ebr pothuajse 200 vjet, duke filluar nga Azia dhe duke ndjekur rrug\u00ebt e tregtis\u00eb\nderi n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1340. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb pranuar se Vdekja e Zez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb\nshkaktuar nga murtaja bubonike, megjith\u00ebse t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr\nteori. Murtaja bubonike karakterizohet nga bubonet, ose enjtje t\u00eb gjendrrave\nlimfatike rrotull sqetullave, qaf\u00ebs dhe rr\u00ebz\u00ebs s\u00eb kofsh\u00ebs. Thuhet se afro nj\u00eb e\ntreta e popullsis\u00eb evropiane vdiq\u00ebn prej saj. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\nEpidemia e Etheve t\u00eb Verdha<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethet e Verdha prek\u00ebn qytetin e Filadelfias n\u00eb\nver\u00ebn e vitit 1793, sjell\u00eb nga refugjat\u00ebt e nj\u00eb rebelimi skllev\u00ebrish n\u00eb Santo\nDomingo. S\u00ebmundja e tmerrshme karakterizohej nga zverdhja e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb\nvjellat me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Doktor\u00ebt nuk e kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb ende lidhjen mes s\u00ebmundjes\ndhe mushkonjave, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb doktori Benxhamin Rash nxori nj\u00eb trajtim q\u00eb\nkonsistonte n\u00eb gjakrrjedhjen e pacient\u00ebve (shpohej pacienti p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb pak\ngjak) dhe n\u00eb dh\u00ebnien e m\u00ebrkurit (zhiv\u00ebs). Filadelfia, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb, u kthye\nv\u00ebrtet n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet fantazm\u00eb, pasi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e banor\u00ebve vdiq\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb\ntjer\u00eb u larguan nga qyteti (p\u00ebrfshi k\u00ebtu edhe Xhorxh Uashingtonin, presidentin\ne par\u00eb amerikan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Lija\ndhe vendasit e Amerik\u00ebs (1492- 1900) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur aztek\u00ebt e Meksik\u00ebs u rebeluan kund\u00ebr\neksploratorit Kortez, spanjoll\u00ebt u detyruan t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin. Por Kortesi, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri,\ntriumfoi. Lija n\u00eb trupat e spanjoll\u00ebve t\u00eb vrar\u00eb infektoi aztek\u00ebt. Kjo s\u00ebmundje\nvrau perandorin aztek, ushtrin\u00eb e tij dhe \u00e7erekun e popullsis\u00eb. Simptomat p\u00ebrfshinin\ndhimbje, temperatur\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe pu\u00e7rra q\u00eb linin shenja t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb.\nShum\u00eb vendas n\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin amerikan gjet\u00ebn vdekjen, p\u00ebr shkak se u\nmungonte imuniteti ndaj s\u00ebmundjeve evropiane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.\nPandemia e par\u00eb e koler\u00ebs (1817-23)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemia e par\u00eb e koler\u00ebs filloi n\u00eb Indi nga\norizi i infektuar. Gjat\u00eb 200 vjet\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit kan\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer 7 t\u00eb tilla. Kjo\nishte edhe s\u00ebmundja e par\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Nga kolera ishin s\u00ebmurur prej\nkoh\u00ebsh njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetonin p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lumit Gang, por n\u00eb vitin 1817, trupat\nbritanike e shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb s\u00ebmundjen n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin. Ata e shp\u00ebrdan\u00eb koler\u00ebn n\u00eb\nzonat ushtarake dhe tregtare, t\u00eb ndihmuar nga teknologjia, si anijet me avull\ndhe trenat. Deri n\u00eb vitin 1823, s\u00ebmundja kishte prekur shumic\u00ebn e vendeve\naziatike dhe kishte arritur aq larg sa Lindja e Mesme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.\nGripi-1918<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mbase pandemia m\u00eb virulente (me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb\ninfektimi) n\u00eb histori \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e gripit t\u00eb vitit 1918. Kjo pandemi preku edhe\ntrupat amerikane t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Ajo u quajt edhe gripi spanjoll\n(shkak p\u00ebr emrin u b\u00eb fakti se n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, ndryshe nga vendet e tjera (Franca,\nGjermania, etj.) nuk censurohej numri i t\u00eb vdekurve prej tij, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb\nbesohej se kishte shkaktuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur). Kjo s\u00ebmundje preku t\u00eb gjitha\nkontinentet p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Antarktid\u00ebs. Viktimave u dilnin njolla t\u00eb zeza n\u00eb faqe dhe u\nmbusheshin mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb me l\u00ebng, gj\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktonte mbytjen e tyre. S\u00ebmundja\ngodiste shpejt, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb ngriheshin nga gjumi t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm, vdisnin\nn\u00eb muzg. Virusi q\u00eb e shkaktoi s\u00ebmundjen \u00ebsht\u00eb i famshmi H1N1. Kjo s\u00ebmundje vrau\n50-100 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebsn, afro 3-5% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Epidemia\ne tifos (1918-1922)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo s\u00ebmundje shkaktohet nga nj\u00eb bakterie q\u00eb\nshumohet n\u00eb kushtet e pisll\u00ebkut, p\u00ebr shembull nd\u00ebrmjet trupave ushtarake q\u00eb\njetonin n\u00eb kushte higjienike shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija se n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e sotme. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb\npas epidemis\u00eb s\u00eb gripit t\u00eb 1918, shp\u00ebrtheu ajo e tifos n\u00eb vendet e Europ\u00ebs\nlindore si Rusia, Polonia, Rumania, etj. Kjo s\u00ebmundje kishte shkaktuar vdekje\nedhe p\u00ebrpara (Napoleoni humbi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb nga tifoja), k\u00ebshtu\nq\u00eb ushtrit\u00eb gjat\u00eb L1B ngrit\u00ebn stacione dezinfektimi. P\u00ebrve\u00e7se vrau ushtar\u00eb,\ntifoja b\u00ebri k\u00ebrdin\u00eb edhe n\u00eb stafin mjek\u00ebsor q\u00eb kujdesej p\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.\nMalarja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mendoni se kafsh\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme p\u00ebr\nnjeriun jan\u00eb luani apo krokodili? N\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb mushkonja q\u00eb mbart parazit\u00ebt e\nmikrobeve (femra). Malarja tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve t\u00eb\nzhvilluara t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, por vazhdon ende t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebrdin\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e Afrik\u00ebs\nsubsahariane. M\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuarit prej saj jan\u00eb grat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebna dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00ebn 5\nvje\u00e7. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga zonat rurale ku s\u00ebmundja \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapur jan\u00eb\nt\u00eb pakta, por OBSH-ja vler\u00ebson se 2800 f\u00ebmij\u00eb vdesin nga malarja \u00e7do dit\u00eb dhe\nmbi 1 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz, vdesin \u00e7do vit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. SIDA\n(1981-n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e sotme)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SIDA \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb\nparandalohet, megjithat\u00eb numri i t\u00eb vdekurve shtohet \u00e7do vit. Ashtu si p\u00ebr\nmalarjen, epiqendra e s\u00ebmundjes \u00ebsht\u00eb Afrika subsahariane. N\u00eb vitin 2005, u\nvler\u00ebsua se 25 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz atje ishin t\u00eb infektuar me virusin HIV. Grat\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb\n77% t\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebve, duke ua kaluar shpesh s\u00ebmundjen f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. Deri\ntani, nga SIDA kan\u00eb vdekur afro 30 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00ebmundjet kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, por n\u00eb disa periudha kan\u00eb qen\u00eb aq vdekjeprur\u00ebse dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura saq\u00eb kan\u00eb shkaktuar vdekjen e papritur t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjeje alarmuese t\u00eb popullis\u00ebs\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb qyteti, vendi apo rajoni. Ja cilat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb epidemit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit! 1. Murtaja e Athin\u00ebs N\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":22393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shendet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22392\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}