Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli ka studiuar p\u00ebr Mjek\u00ebsi Molekulare n\u00eb universitetin e Saseksit m\u00eb pas vazhdoi doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb Universitetin e Lei\u00e7esterit. N\u00eb vitin 2012, ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin punon aktualisht si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe si profesoresh\u00eb. Ajo, s\u00eb bashku me binjaken e saj, Argita Zalli, \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e fondacionit shkencor \u201cVVe speak science\u201c, nj\u00eb institut jofitimprur\u00ebs q\u00eb ka si q\u00ebllim rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, si dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e publikut shqiptar me t\u00eb rejat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn shkencore…<\/p>\n
Adrian Rakipi: – P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje doktoresh\u00eb. A mund t\u00eb na e shpjegoni me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb glaukoma?
\nDetina Zalli: – Glaukoma n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn popullore quhet tensioni i syrit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje neuro-optike, e cila n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb humbje t\u00eb shikimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsim dhe njohje e s\u00ebmundjes sepse kjo do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb kapjen fillestare t\u00eb saj, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb lejonte kurimin dhe parandalimin e verb\u00ebris\u00eb. Fillesat e glaukom\u00ebs p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me rritjen e tensionit brenda syrit, si pasoj\u00eb e penges\u00ebs q\u00eb has l\u00ebngu n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme t\u00eb syrit p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sistemit t\u00eb drenimit. N\u00ebse tensioni i syrit vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb i lart\u00eb p\u00ebr disa koh\u00eb, ngjeshet nervi optik dhe kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb d\u00ebmtimin dhe n\u00eb degradimin deri n\u00eb \u201cvdekje\u201d t\u00eb fibrave nervore q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb sinjalet nga syri n\u00eb tru.
\n– A ka ndonj\u00eb shkak konkret se pse rritet tensioni i syrit?
\n– Rritja e tensionit t\u00eb syrit ndodh kur l\u00ebngu brenda n\u00eb sy nuk qarkullon normalisht n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme t\u00eb tij. Normalisht, ky l\u00ebng rrjedh nga syri p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kanali. Kur ky kanal bllokohet, d\u00ebmton nervin. Shkaku direkt i k\u00ebtij bllokimi ende nuk dihet, por mendohet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb lidhje me trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb. Shkaqe t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb glaukom\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: D\u00ebmtim nga l\u00ebnd\u00ebt kimike n\u00eb sy, infeksion i r\u00ebnd\u00eb i syve, bllokim i en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut t\u00eb syrit, gjendje inflamacioni n\u00eb sy, etj. Zakonisht, glaukoma ndodh n\u00eb t\u00eb dy syt\u00eb.
\n– Cilat jan\u00eb shenjat e para t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes dhe faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb s\u00ebmundje?
\n– Duke qen\u00eb se sistemi yn\u00eb i t\u00eb parit ka rezerva t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, fillimisht, ndon\u00ebse fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtohen fibrat nervore, nuk vihen re ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb shikim. E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb dallohet brenda fush\u00ebs pamore nga d\u00ebmtimi i fibrave \u00ebsht\u00eb prania e disa \u201crrath\u00ebve t\u00eb err\u00ebt\u201d. Gjithsesi, dua t\u00eb theksoj se simptomat dhe fillimi i tyre jan\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb glaukom\u00ebs. Ekzistojn\u00eb dy lloje glaukomash: glaukoma me k\u00ebnd t\u00eb hapur dhe ajo me k\u00ebnd t\u00eb mbyllur.
\nGlaukoma primare ose e quajtur ndryshe, me k\u00ebnd t\u00eb hapur, \u00ebsht\u00eb s\u00ebmundje kronike q\u00eb prek t\u00eb rriturit me tension t\u00eb lart\u00eb okular. \u00cbsht\u00eb ky tension i cili d\u00ebmton nervin optik. Kjo lloj glaukome \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapura dhe prek m\u00eb shum\u00eb pacient\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb glaukom\u00ebs, humbja e shikimit ndodh gradualisht dhe v\u00ebrehet shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb. N\u00ebse glaukoma nuk trajtohet, ajo mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb verb\u00ebri t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Glaukoma akute (me k\u00ebnd t\u00eb mbyllur), shkaktohet nga nj\u00eb rritje e menj\u00ebhershme e tensionit okular. Simptomat ndodhin papritur dhe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: Dhimbje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb sy, skuqje t\u00eb syrit, dhimbje koke, t\u00eb vjella, shikim t\u00eb mjegullt, etj. Dallohet nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kategori e glaukom\u00ebs, ajo dyt\u00ebsore, q\u00eb ka si shkaktare raste ekstreme si tumori, kataraktet apo d\u00ebmtimet n\u00eb sy.
\nP\u00ebrsa u p\u00ebrket faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb rrezikut, personat m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuar, jan\u00eb s\u00eb pari ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb familje raste me glaukom\u00eb. Trash\u00ebgimia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor i lart\u00eb rreziku. Mosha mbi 40 vje\u00e7, prania e diabetit, prania e ndonj\u00eb traume n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e syrit, p\u00ebrdorimi i kortizoneve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb apo nj\u00eb shikim i turbullt jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00eb rreziku q\u00eb duhet t\u2019i kemi parasysh.
\n– Si mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet diagnostifikimi i glaukomes? A ka ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr ta zbuluar n\u00eb koh\u00eb?
\n– Sigurisht q\u00eb po. Diagnostikimi b\u00ebhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet matjes s\u00eb tensionit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb syrit. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet fare leht\u00eb gjat\u00eb vizit\u00ebs normale tek okulisti. Vlerat normale t\u00eb tensionit t\u00eb syrit jan\u00eb nga 11-21 mmHg. Nj\u00eb person me tension t\u00eb syrit posht\u00eb 18 mmHg, rrezikon m\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar glaukom\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, ekzistojn\u00eb edhe forma t\u00eb glaukom\u00ebs me presion normal q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t\u2019u diagnostikuar dhe trajtuar, ndaj edhe okulisti kryen ekzaminime te m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb fush\u00ebpamjes. Ju k\u00ebshilloj q\u00eb, s\u00eb bashku me matjen e tensionit t\u00eb syrit, t\u2019i k\u00ebrkoni okulistit tuaj nj\u00eb vizit\u00eb komplete p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrjashtuar glaukom\u00ebn…
\n– Glaukoma duket si nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb vepron shum\u00eb shpejt. A t\u00eb l\u00eb mund\u00ebsi veprimi p\u00ebr ta trajtuar?
\n– Pjesa m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kapja n\u00eb koh\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj s\u00ebmundjeje. P\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket kurimit, ka shum\u00eb alternativa p\u00ebr trajtimin e saj, madje koh\u00ebt e fundit ka disa t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr trajtimin e glaukom\u00ebs. N\u00eb trajtimin e saj p\u00ebrfshihen mjekime me pika n\u00eb sy e trajtimi me lazer, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb rastin kur s\u00ebmundja \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrparuar, trajtimi ideal \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrja kirurgjikale.
\n– Cituat se kan\u00eb dal\u00eb terapi t\u00eb reja n\u00eb trajtimin e glaukom\u00ebs. Cilat jan\u00eb ato?
\n– N\u00eb fakt, nj\u00eb studim i ri ka nxjerr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna interesante. Nj\u00eb grup i ri i ila\u00e7eve q\u00eb trajtojn\u00eb glaukom\u00ebn mendohet t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb direkt e n\u00eb kanalet e rrjedhjes. K\u00ebta jan\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturit inhibitor\u00ebt Rho kinasa (ROCK) q\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb rrjedhjen e l\u00ebngut t\u00eb syrit. N\u00eb provat e b\u00ebra, inhibitor\u00ebt ROCK kan\u00eb treguar q\u00eb e reduktojn\u00eb \u201cngurt\u00ebsin\u00eb\u201d qelizore dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb rrjedhjes, duke reduktuar k\u00ebshtu presionin e lart\u00eb n\u00eb sy. Asnj\u00eb ila\u00e7 tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb treg nuk e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson rrjedh\u00ebn e l\u00ebngut t\u00eb syrit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. Rrjedhimisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e re dhe e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur tensionin okular.
\nInhibitor\u00ebt ROCK ende nuk jan\u00eb aprovuar nga OBSH-ja dhe nuk jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb gatshme p\u00ebr pacient\u00ebt e glaukom\u00ebs. Dy kompani amerikane, Aerie dhe Altheos, jan\u00eb aktualisht n\u00eb zhvillimin e hulumtimeve t\u00eb hershme klinike me inhibitor\u00ebt topik ROCK, q\u00eb t\u00eb ulin tensionin okular.
\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e hulumtimeve tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb inhibitor\u00ebt ROCK kan\u00eb potencial p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e nervave, jan\u00eb anti-inflamatore dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e gjakut t\u00eb nervit optik. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto karakteristika i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ato trajtuesit ideal\u00eb kund\u00ebr glaukom\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb zgjidhje ideale p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb \u201crr\u00ebmben\u201d drit\u00ebn e syve.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli ka studiuar p\u00ebr Mjek\u00ebsi Molekulare n\u00eb universitetin e Saseksit m\u00eb pas vazhdoi doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb Universitetin e Lei\u00e7esterit. N\u00eb vitin 2012, ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin punon aktualisht si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe si profesoresh\u00eb. Ajo, s\u00eb bashku me binjaken e saj, Argita Zalli, \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e fondacionit shkencor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shendet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13195\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}