– I nderuar doktor Demiri, jam shum\u00eb kurioz t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb anoreksia nervore dhe bulimia, pasi kemi vajz\u00ebn ton\u00eb studente dhe nj\u00eb mbes\u00eb me k\u00ebto probleme. Ju fal\u00ebnderojm\u00eb. Diana Mone, Vlore.
\nDr. Jashar Demiri, psikolog klinicist: – Anoreksia nervore dhe bulimia jan\u00eb dy \u00e7rregullimet kryesore t\u00eb njeriut, t\u00eb cilat karakterizohen nga shtremb\u00ebrimet e forta n\u00eb sjelljen e t\u00eb ngr\u00ebnit. Anoreksia nervore \u00ebsht\u00eb meraku obsesiv i cili shfaqet me refuzimin e mbajtjes s\u00eb pesh\u00ebs trupore mbi pesh\u00ebn minimale normale. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim me rrezik p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn, i cili n\u00eb fakt nuk ka si shkak ndonj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje fizike. K\u00ebto dy fenomene shfaqen tek ata njer\u00ebz t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e konsiderojn\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme eleganc\u00ebn fizike. Q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj p\u00ebrgjigjeje, dua t\u00eb theksoj se, me anoreksi nervore shpesh kuptohet mungesa e oreksit, por ne psikolog\u00ebt e dim\u00eb se kjo nuk ka lidhje me humbjet aq t\u00eb forta t\u00eb oreksit, sesa me frik\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb. Termi anoreksi nervore n\u00ebnkupton, pra, nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb oreksit ose nj\u00eb d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb tij me baz\u00eb emocionale, kurse bulimia \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur ndryshe edhe si \u201csindroma e pastrimit\u201d. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb klient\u00ebt q\u00eb kam trajtuar kan\u00eb qen\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb cil\u00ebve pak nga pak u \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb si obsesion i sistematizuar frika e fort\u00eb e shtimit n\u00eb pesh\u00eb dhe shtremb\u00ebrimi i imazhit trupor i lidhur me bukurin\u00eb ose p\u00ebrmasat trupore. Nd\u00ebrsa \u201cpastrimin\u201d e nxjerrjen e ushqimit, e kam par\u00eb si kompulsion, pra, si keqp\u00ebrshtatje, pa t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata mbeten n\u00eb ankth, pra, nuk gjejn\u00eb qet\u00ebsi e rehati. Klienti \u00ebsht\u00eb i obsesionuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur pesh\u00ebn minimum, madje posht\u00eb minimumit normal sipas mosh\u00ebs e gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat i njeh shum\u00eb mir\u00eb. Merakun p\u00ebr t\u00eb humbur n\u00eb pesh\u00eb, n\u00eb fillim, klienti e arrin duke p\u00ebrjashtuar ushqimet me kalori deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimin e tyre nga menuja, m\u00eb pas n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pak\u00ebsimit t\u00ebr\u00ebsor t\u00eb ushqimit. Kjo ndodh nga frika se \u201cas kjo nuk po funksionon\u201d, pra, i b\u00ebhet si kompulsion \u201cpastrimi\u201d, sjelljet e provokuara nga vet\u00eb personi me p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb laksativ\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb diuretik\u00ebve. Ai mund ta synoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb edhe me praktikim t\u00eb tepruar t\u00eb aktivitetit fizik me q\u00ebllim uljen urgjente t\u00eb pesh\u00ebs. Tani, klienti \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse i futur n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreth vicioz, sepse krahas frik\u00ebs s\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb \u201csh\u00ebndoshjes\u201d, fillon t\u00eb ndiej\u00eb edhe rrezikun e humbjes se saj, pasi e sheh se po b\u00ebhet kock\u00eb e l\u00ebkur\u00eb. P\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa ai humbet n\u00eb pesh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbritur te minimumi normal, e sheh k\u00ebt\u00eb si nj\u00eb arritje t\u00eb mrekullueshme, porse edhe r\u00ebnien n\u00ebn minimum, e ndjen nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt, jo vet\u00ebm nga prishja e bukuris\u00eb fizike, por edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dob\u00ebsis\u00eb fizike, pra, edhe \u201calarmit\u201d p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e tij fizik dhe emocional.
\n– N\u00eb k\u00ebto raste alarmi, disa nga klient\u00ebt b\u00ebhen bashk\u00ebpunues, pra, vijn\u00eb te psikologu jo aq n\u00ebn presionin familjar, por sepse e shikojn\u00eb me syt\u00eb e vet \u201cgj\u00ebm\u00ebn\u201d q\u00eb po u shkaktohet… Dhe, shum\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb vijn\u00eb te psikologu, vet\u00ebm se ardhja b\u00ebhet me vones\u00eb, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb fatalisht, me shum\u00eb vones\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm pak individ\u00eb apo prind\u00ebr e kuptojn\u00eb se q\u00eb n\u00eb fillimet e mosngr\u00ebnies apo t\u00eb ngr\u00ebnies pa kriter, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet ndihma e psikologut, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebsohen ose t\u00eb eleminohen mendimet apo sjelljet e gabuara t\u00eb cilat e kan\u00eb baz\u00ebn te supozimet e gabuara ose te frik\u00ebrat obsesive, pas t\u00eb cilave vijn\u00eb kompulsionet ose keqp\u00ebrshtatjet. Sa m\u00eb shpejt t\u00eb kapet dhe t\u00eb njihet problemi, aq m\u00eb pak \u201ckosto\u201d dhe mundim do t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi. Ardhja me vones\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pasojave q\u00eb ka klienti, k\u00ebrkon edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb mund e seanca, pra, m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb mundimshme nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt (terapist-klient). Subjektet duhen nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsuar sepse nuk i besojn\u00eb pasojat, madje n\u00eb fillim besojn\u00eb se humbja e pesh\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb arritje e mrekullueshme dhe shenj\u00eb e nj\u00eb vet\u00ebdisiplinimi t\u00eb hekurt, nd\u00ebrsa e kund\u00ebrta, shtimi n\u00eb pesh\u00eb, p\u00ebrjetohet si nj\u00eb humbje e papranueshme e aft\u00ebsive p\u00ebr kontroll. N\u00eb adoleshenc\u00eb, anoreksia shkakton munges\u00eb t\u00eb fuqive fizike te djemt\u00eb, si edhe vones\u00eb t\u00eb ciklit menstrual te femrat. Kur vijn\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtim, hiqen sikur bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb, por nuk i tregojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, ndaj psikoterapeutit i duhet t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacione nga familjar\u00ebt. N\u00ebse v\u00ebrehet aktivitet i shtuar fizik jasht\u00eb \u00e7do mund\u00ebsie apo fuqie, duhet pyetur n\u00ebse e b\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin apo p\u00ebr trup t\u00eb bukur, apo si nj\u00eb mani p\u00ebr t\u2019u dob\u00ebsuar.
\nRastet e bulimis\u00eb jan\u00eb ngr\u00ebnia pa kriter dhe sjellja e pap\u00ebrshtatshme kompensuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar rritjen n\u00eb pesh\u00eb. Kriza bulimike nuk jan\u00eb pickimet apo ngr\u00ebnia e pak\u00ebt dhe e shpesht\u00eb, por anomalit\u00eb n\u00eb sasin\u00eb e ushqimit, si dhe tendenca p\u00ebr t\u2019i fshehur ato, sepse u vjen turp, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruara k\u00ebto nga gjendje jo t\u00eb mira humori dhe uri e shpesht\u00eb, ose kur personi ndihet i mbingr\u00ebn\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb \u201ci fryr\u00eb sa s\u2019mban m\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb disa raste, personi ha p\u00ebr t\u00eb vjell\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar t\u00eb vjellat, ose edhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb gishtat ose mjetet e tjera q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb refleksin e t\u00eb vjellit p\u00ebrmes stimulimit t\u00eb laringut. Rrall\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren tipe shurupesh p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim.
\nFrika e madhe nga sh\u00ebndoshja, d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb humbur n\u00eb pesh\u00eb dhe niveli i pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr pamjen fizike jan\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb bulimik\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb atyre me anoreksi nervore. T\u00eb dyja tipet mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb humor depresiv, ve\u00e7ime sociale, irritueshm\u00ebri, pagjum\u00ebsi, dhimbje koke, interesa t\u00eb ul\u00ebta seksuale etj., por edhe \u00e7rregullime mjek\u00ebsore, si anemi, pamjaftueshm\u00ebri veshkore, aritmi, \u00e7rregullime obsesive kompulsive q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb lidhje me anoreksin\u00eb e bulimin\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, mosngr\u00ebnia n\u00eb publik, obsesionet e past\u00ebrtis\u00eb etj., pavar\u00ebsisht se t\u00eb gjitha rolet ndikojn\u00eb te \u00e7rregullimet e ankthit e t\u00eb humorit.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, nuk mund t\u00eb zgjatem p\u00ebr teknikat e mjesht\u00ebrin\u00eb e trajtimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb psikologu klinicist ai q\u00eb di t\u2019i p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb k\u00ebto n\u00ebse kan\u00eb lidhje me sjelljen, sh\u00ebndetin apo personalitetin, pasi shpesh simptomat shfaqen si t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta, p\u00ebrngjajn\u00eb ose jan\u00eb si t\u00eb sofistifikuara. Terapisti duhet t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb respektin dhe besimin e klientit, pasi k\u00ebtu varet edhe suksesi i terapis\u00eb. Do t\u2019u lutesha koleg\u00ebve t\u00eb mi t\u00eb rinj q\u00eb n\u00ebse e shohin se nuk kan\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e duhur, t\u00eb mos i futen k\u00ebsaj pune me shum\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi, pasi n\u00ebse nuk trajtohen me p\u00ebrkushtim e mjesht\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe, k\u00ebtyre njer\u00ebzve u rrezikohet jeta. S\u00eb fundi, dua t\u00eb theksoj se p\u00ebr k\u00ebto raste, duhen mbi 20 seanca psikoterapi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
– I nderuar doktor Demiri, jam shum\u00eb kurioz t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb anoreksia nervore dhe bulimia, pasi kemi vajz\u00ebn ton\u00eb studente dhe nj\u00eb mbes\u00eb me k\u00ebto probleme. Ju fal\u00ebnderojm\u00eb. Diana Mone, Vlore. Dr. Jashar Demiri, psikolog klinicist: – Anoreksia nervore dhe bulimia jan\u00eb dy \u00e7rregullimet kryesore t\u00eb njeriut, t\u00eb cilat karakterizohen nga shtremb\u00ebrimet e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,219],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psikologu","category-pyetje-pergjigje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13164\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}