N\u00eb vitin 2050, plot 4,8 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb jen\u00eb miop\u00eb!<\/p>\n
Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli ka studiuar mjek\u00ebsi molekulare n\u00eb universitetin e Suseksit e m\u00eb pas vazhdoi doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb universitetin e Leicesterit. N\u00eb vitin 2012, ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin punon aktualisht si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe profesoresh\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e institutit shkencor \u201cVve speak science\u201d, nj\u00eb institut jofitimprur\u00ebs q\u00eb ka si q\u00ebllim rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs e t\u00eb mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, si edhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e publikut shqiptar me t\u00eb rejat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn shkencore…<\/p>\n
Adrian Rakipi: – N\u00eb portalin tuaj ju keni publikuar k\u00ebto dit\u00eb nj\u00eb lajm sipas t\u00eb cilit, n\u00eb vitin 2050, afro gjysma e popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore do t\u00eb jen\u00eb miop\u00eb. Pse do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb k\u00ebshtu?
\nDetina Zalli: – Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, me doza t\u00eb m\u00ebdha shqet\u00ebsimi, kan\u00eb \u201cparashikuar\u201d se n\u00eb 2050-\u00ebn, afro gjysma e popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore do t\u00eb jen\u00eb miop\u00eb. K\u00ebto shifra alarmante t\u00eb publikuara n\u00eb revist\u00ebn e oftamologjis\u00eb, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjja e nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb fundit mbi tendenc\u00ebn e miopis\u00eb, me plot 2.100.000 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs. Sipas studimit, n\u00eb vitin 2050, plot 4,8 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb jen\u00eb miop\u00eb, shif\u00ebr kjo q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn 49,8 % t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Nd\u00ebrsa 9.8% e popullsis\u00eb do t\u00eb vuaj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb miopi e theksuar. K\u00ebto vlera jan\u00eb dyfishi i atyre t\u00eb vitit 2010. Popullsia aziatike \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuarat, aq sa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e quajn\u00eb epidemia aziatike e miopis\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90% t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Lindore duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Kin\u00ebn, Japonin\u00eb, Tajvanin, Singaporin dhe Koren\u00eb e Jugut jan\u00eb miop\u00eb, por edhe popullsite e tjera nuk mbeten jasht\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb rrezikut.
\n– Por, \u00e7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb miopia, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta?
\n– Miopia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb defekt i shikimit, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit, njeriu sheh mir\u00eb objekte q\u00eb gjenden af\u00ebr tij, por ka v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb shikimin e objekteve q\u00eb jan\u00eb larg. M\u00eb konkretisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar miopin\u00eb apo \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj anomalie dhe defekti n\u00eb shikim, e krahasojm\u00eb syrin me nj\u00eb aparat fotografik. Kornea dhe kristalina luajn\u00eb rolin e objektivit. Ato lejojn\u00eb rrezet e drit\u00ebs t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb sy duke i p\u00ebrthyer ato. Retina luan rolin e negativit ose ndryshe quhet \u201cfilmi i syrit\u201d. Fal\u00eb qelizave q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj drit\u00ebs, imazhi fokusohet n\u00eb retin\u00eb, duke u shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb impuls nervor. K\u00ebto impulse, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nervit optik, arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb Sistemin Nervor Qendror.
\nGjat\u00eb miopis\u00eb, rrezet e drit\u00ebs nuk fokusohen n\u00eb retin\u00eb, por para saj, prandaj imazhi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i qart\u00eb. Kjo ndodh p\u00ebr dy arsye: Arsyeja e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se kornea dhe kristalina i p\u00ebrthyejn\u00eb rrezet e drit\u00ebs m\u00eb shum\u00eb se normalja dhe arsyeja e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb rastet me miopi, syri \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb, rreth 30 milimetra, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb gjat\u00ebsia normale duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 23-24 milimetra. \u00c7do milimet\u00ebr zgjatjeje p\u00ebrkon me rritjen e miopis\u00eb me 3 dioptri (nj\u00ebsi mat\u00ebse q\u00eb mat aft\u00ebsin\u00eb optike t\u00eb nj\u00eb lenteje).
\n– Cilat jan\u00eb shenjat e para t\u00eb miopis\u00eb?
\n– Zakonisht, miopia i ka fillimet n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe fillon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e dukshme gjat\u00eb viteve shkollore, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat f\u00ebmija ka v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb parin nga larg. Gjithashtu, miop\u00ebt kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb shikimit n\u00eb dark\u00eb. Te miop\u00ebt vihet re dhimbje koke e vazhdueshme p\u00ebr shkak se lodhet syri dhe nervat p\u00ebrqark. Ka raste kur miop\u00ebt kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb f\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shpesh syt\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bezdis\u00eb q\u00eb u jep pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb larg dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb relaksuar syrin. Madje personat me miopi vihet re se pic\u00ebrrojn\u00eb syt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb m\u00eb duksh\u00ebm dhe m\u00eb qart\u00eb.
\n\u2013 Pse ndodh miopia dhe kush jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuar prej saj?
\n– Shkaku i miopis\u00eb jan\u00eb si gjenet, ashtu edhe stili i jetes\u00ebs. Sigurisht q\u00eb gjenetika ka nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb transmetimin e miopis\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb zbuluar disa gjene q\u00eb mendohet se transmetohen dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb shkaktar\u00eb kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb miopis\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, mjedisi dhe m\u00ebnyra se si i trajtojm\u00eb syt\u00eb, ndikon duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb miopi. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, loj\u00ebrat e teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb re po ndikojn\u00eb negativisht n\u00eb shtimin e rasteve me miopi.
\n– Si b\u00ebhet diagnostikimi i miopis\u00eb dhe a \u00ebsht\u00eb e kurueshme kjo s\u00ebmundje?
\n– Diagnostikimi i miopis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fare i leht\u00eb n\u00eb vizit\u00ebn rutin\u00eb tek okulisti. P\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket kurimit, ai b\u00ebhet me an\u00eb t\u00eb tri m\u00ebnyrave: Syzeve, lenteve dhe kirurgjis\u00eb refraktive (t\u00eb syrit). Syzet dhe lentet e dim\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb se si funksionojn\u00eb, jepen n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb numrit p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrigjuar defektin, kurse kirurgjia refraktive mund t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb ose t\u00eb eleminoj\u00eb totalisht nevoj\u00ebn tuaj p\u00ebr syze dhe lente. Sigurisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb mjeku ai q\u00eb b\u00ebn vler\u00ebsimin p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyren e trajtimit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr ju, pasi gjith\u00e7ka varet nga shkalla e miopis\u00eb dhe duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatje me problemin tuaj.
\n– A \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet me kalimin e koh\u00ebs?
\n– Sigurisht, e kemi d\u00ebgjuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse nuk i mbajm\u00eb syzet rregullisht, numri i tyre do t\u00eb rritet. K\u00ebt\u00eb ua themi zakonisht f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe, me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Ekziston nj\u00eb form\u00eb e miopis\u00eb, e quajtur gjithashtu miopi patologjike ose \u201cmalinje\u201d, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb degjeneruese dhe ka tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet me kalimin e kohes. Kjo, n\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje e rrall\u00eb, prek rreth 2 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku num\u00ebr nj\u00eb i verbimit. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, nj\u00eb terapi e kombinuar mes lazerit dhe ila\u00e7eve mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb situat\u00ebn e miopis\u00eb patologjike, ndaj evidentimi dhe kapja n\u00eb koh\u00eb e s\u00ebmundjes ka shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr ecurin\u00eb e saj.
\n– Thuhet se miopia ka lidhje me zgjuarsin\u00eb, pra, q\u00eb miop\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb inteligjent\u00eb. A \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kjo dhe si mund ta shpjegoni?
\n– N\u00eb fakt, ndon\u00ebse mund t\u00eb duket qesharake, ka di\u00e7ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb th\u00ebnie. Nj\u00eb studim me 429 persona n\u00eb Singapor doli n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se personat me edukim m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ishin miop\u00eb. Mendohet se arsyeja p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb stresi q\u00eb ushtrohet n\u00eb sy nga leximi i tep\u00ebrt.
\n– Th\u00ebnia popullore \u201cm\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb parandalosh sesa kurosh\u201d na shtyn t\u2019ju pyesim se si mund ta parandalojm\u00eb miopin\u00eb, kryesisht te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, meqen\u00ebse si\u00e7 that\u00eb, fillesat e saj jan\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb moshat e vogla?
\n– K\u00ebshilla kryesore dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja q\u00eb u drejtoj prind\u00ebrve \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u2019u thon\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre: \u201cDilni jasht\u00eb dhe luani\u201c. E them k\u00ebt\u00eb sepse jeta sedentare, lidhur fort pas kompjuterit, televizorit apo mjeteve elektronike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr faktor\u00ebt ky\u00e7 t\u00eb miopis\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, edhe q\u00ebndrimi i gjat\u00eb n\u00eb ambiente q\u00eb ndri\u00e7ohen me drit\u00eb artificiale, pra, jo me drit\u00ebn e diellit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shkak p\u00ebr miopin\u00eb. Prind\u00ebr, kini kujdes f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, mbajini ata larg mjeteve elektronike sepse kjo po e \u00e7on shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb drejt verbimit! Mos e neglizhoni miopin\u00eb!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00eb vitin 2050, plot 4,8 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb jen\u00eb miop\u00eb! Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli ka studiuar mjek\u00ebsi molekulare n\u00eb universitetin e Suseksit e m\u00eb pas vazhdoi doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb universitetin e Leicesterit. N\u00eb vitin 2012, ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin punon aktualisht si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe profesoresh\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shendet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13021\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}