{"id":12691,"date":"2016-04-11T19:30:37","date_gmt":"2016-04-11T17:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/?p=12691"},"modified":"2016-04-11T12:14:51","modified_gmt":"2016-04-11T10:14:51","slug":"zbulime-te-reja-per-semundjen-e-parkinsonit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/2016\/04\/zbulime-te-reja-per-semundjen-e-parkinsonit\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbulime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjen e Parkinsonit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli punon si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe lektore n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit. Ajo, s\u00eb bashku me motr\u00ebn e saj binjake, Argita Zallin, \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e fondacionit shkencor \u201cVVe Speak Science\u201d, nj\u00eb fondacion jofitimprur\u00ebs q\u00eb ka si q\u00ebllim k\u00ebrkimet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb si dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e publikut shqiptar me t\u00eb rejat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn shkencore…<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Adrian Rakipi:<\/u><\/strong> – P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje doktoresh\u00eb. Gjithmon\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjen e Parkinsonit. \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo s\u00ebmundje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Detina Zalli<\/u><\/strong>: – S\u00ebmundja e Parkinsonit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb prek trurin. Te njeriu i s\u00ebmur\u00eb me Parkinson, t\u00eb gjitha qelizat nervore t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit, t\u00eb quajtur \u201csubstantia nigra\u201d, vdesin ose d\u00ebmtohen. Bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb, edhe neuronet e k\u00ebsaj pjese q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr prodhimin e nj\u00eb substance kimike t\u00eb quajtur dopamin\u00eb, e cila ndihmon n\u00eb koordinimin e l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb trupit.<\/p>\n

– Cilat jan\u00eb shenjat e para t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes dhe grupmoshat kryesore q\u00eb prek ajo? Gjithkush mund t\u00eb ndihet i rrezikuar nga Parkinsoni?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Shenjat e para fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqen kur 80% e qelizave nervore q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb dopamin\u00ebn vdesin. Mungesa e saj n\u00eb trup shkakton k\u00ebto shenja: N\u00eb fillim dridhje edhe n\u00eb qet\u00ebsi, ngurt\u00ebsim t\u00eb gjymtyr\u00ebve, ngadal\u00ebsim t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeve, munges\u00eb t\u00eb drejtpeshimit dhe t\u00eb ekuilibrit. Fytyra b\u00ebhet e ngurt\u00ebsuar dhe humbet mimika. K\u00ebto simptoma fillojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb trupit dhe p\u00ebrhapen mandej n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trupin. Diagnostifikimi i Parkinsonit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb delikat dhe i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb sepse shpeshher\u00eb dridhja ngat\u00ebrrohet me procesin fiziologjik t\u00eb plakjes dhe q\u00ebndrimi i ngrir\u00eb\/i ngurt\u00ebsuar i trupit ngat\u00ebrrohet me osteoporoz\u00ebn. Zakonisht, moshat q\u00eb prek m\u00eb shum\u00eb kjo s\u00ebmundje jan\u00eb ato mbi 65 vje\u00e7, por rreth 15% e rasteve shfaqen para mosh\u00ebs 50 vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

– Cilat jan\u00eb shkaqet e shfaqjes s\u00eb Parkinsonit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Parkinsoni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje idiopatike, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se, ndon\u00ebse ka vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra q\u00eb studiohet, ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb shkak i qart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Gjithsesi jan\u00eb disa faktor\u00eb rreziku, t\u00eb till\u00eb si gjenetika, pra, trash\u00ebgimia. N\u00ebse keni ndonj\u00eb n\u00eb familje q\u00eb vuan nga kjo s\u00ebmundje, duhet t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. Ekspozimi ndaj disa kimikateve t\u00eb caktuara si pesticidet, herbicidet etj., q\u00ebndrimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb rrezet e forta t\u00eb diellit, stresi i fort\u00eb i grumbulluar dhe ndryshimet emocionale ndikojn\u00eb gjithashtu. Ekzistojn\u00eb edhe disa ila\u00e7e q\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb shfaqjen e k\u00ebsaj s\u00ebmundjeje, prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr barnat q\u00eb pini p\u00ebrpara se t\u2019i filloni ato. Nj\u00eb shkak tjet\u00ebr jan\u00eb d\u00ebmtimet e en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut n\u00eb tru.<\/p>\n

– A ka nd\u00ebrlikime dhe cilat jan\u00eb pasojat m\u00eb negative q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kjo s\u00ebmundje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Sigurisht q\u00eb ka. Parkinsoni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje progresive dhe degjenerative, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ajo p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, sidomos n\u00ebse nuk kurohet. Nd\u00ebrlikimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta si: Probleme n\u00eb procesin e t\u00eb menduarit n\u00eb stadet e fundit t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes (kjo sepse truri \u00ebsht\u00eb mjedisi ku shfaqet semundja), ndryshime emocionale dhe depresion, probleme me g\u00eblltitjen (sepse muskujt nuk kontrollohen m\u00eb) dhe grumbullimin e p\u00ebshtym\u00ebs, probleme me gjumin, paaft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur urin\u00ebn (ngaq\u00eb muskujt nuk kontrollohen m\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb autonome), lodhje dhe dhimbje n\u00eb zona t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb trupit.<\/p>\n

– A ekzistojn\u00eb barna p\u00ebr ta kuruar dhe a mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrohet kjo s\u00ebmundje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Sigurisht q\u00eb duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje degjenerative, ajo shkakton d\u00ebme t\u00eb pariparueshme n\u00eb tru. Truri nuk mund t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb gjendjen e m\u00ebparshme, sepse zona q\u00eb prodhon dopamin\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar dhe, si e till\u00eb, ka defi\u00e7it dopamine n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb organizmin. Ila\u00e7et p\u00ebr Parkinsonin veprojn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebtu, n\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e dopamin\u00ebs, duke e marr\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb artificiale me an\u00eb t\u00eb ila\u00e7eve. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i trajtimit me ila\u00e7e t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb Parkinsonit \u00ebsht\u00eb kontrollimi p\u00ebr koh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb i simptomave, shtyrja p\u00ebr koh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e shfaqjes s\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikimeve t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes dhe evitimi i efekteve an\u00ebsore t\u00eb barnave. Doja t\u00eb shtoja q\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 trajtimit me barna, ekziston nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr lloj zgjidhjeje p\u00ebr Parkinsonin, kirurgjia, por ajo mbetet nj\u00eb zgjidhje ende e papreferuar sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrezikshme dhe askush nuk jep garanci p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

– Gjithsesi pak m\u00eb par\u00eb that\u00eb se ka t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr Parkinsonin. Cilat jan\u00eb ato? <\/strong><\/p>\n

– Studimet e fundit na kan\u00eb habitur t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve; \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb lidhje mes nervit vagus dhe s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb Parkinsonit. Nervi vagus \u00ebsht\u00eb nervi i 10-t\u00eb nga 12 nervat kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb dalin nga truri. Ai rregullon funksionimin e pavullnetsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb aparatit tret\u00ebs.\u00a0M\u00eb konkretisht, nj\u00eb studim i kryer nga Universiteti i Aarhusit, Danimark\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb\u00a015,000 pacient\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve iu ishte hequr nervi vagus nga stomaku, ka treguar se k\u00ebta pacient\u00eb pa nerv nuk ishin prekur nga s\u00ebmundja e Parkinsonit dhe shanset p\u00ebr t\u2019u prekur nga kjo s\u00ebmundje ishin rritur pas 20 viteve. Nd\u00ebrsa ata, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u ishte hequr vet\u00ebm pjes\u00ebrisht nervi vagus ishin me t\u00eb prirur p\u00ebr t\u2019u prekur nga Parkinsoni. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb b\u00ebhen studime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb nxisin zhvillimin e k\u00ebsaj s\u00ebmundjeje degjenerative nervore, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut dhe t\u00eb parandalojm\u00eb shfaqjen e saj. Kjo do t\u00eb \u00e7onte gjithashtu n\u00eb ndryshimin e trajtimit t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb Parkinsonit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Doktoresh\u00eb Detina Zalli punon si k\u00ebrkuese shkencore dhe lektore n\u00eb universitetin e Harvardit. Ajo, s\u00eb bashku me motr\u00ebn e saj binjake, Argita Zallin, \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluese e fondacionit shkencor \u201cVVe Speak Science\u201d, nj\u00eb fondacion jofitimprur\u00ebs q\u00eb ka si q\u00ebllim k\u00ebrkimet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb si dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e publikut shqiptar me t\u00eb rejat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shendet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12691\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}