{"id":12132,"date":"2016-02-19T13:30:01","date_gmt":"2016-02-19T12:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/?p=12132"},"modified":"2016-02-19T12:43:15","modified_gmt":"2016-02-19T11:43:15","slug":"12-ngjarje-qe-mund-te-shkaterrojne-boten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/2016\/02\/12-ngjarje-qe-mund-te-shkaterrojne-boten\/","title":{"rendered":"12 ngjarje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb bot\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Koh\u00ebt e fundit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb revist\u00eb shkencore, u publikua \u201cnj\u00eb list\u00eb e rreziqeve globale, si pasoj\u00eb e t\u00eb cilave, mund t\u00eb shuhet jeta n\u00eb tok\u00eb\u201d. Dy autor\u00ebt e studimit, Denis Pamlin i Fondacionit t\u00eb Sfidave Globale dhe Stjuart Armstrong i Institutit t\u00eb s\u00eb Ardhmes s\u00eb Njer\u00ebzimit, thon\u00eb se ata flasin p\u00ebr rreziqe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb shuarjen e njer\u00ebzimit, ose q\u00eb shpien n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb kur \u201cqytet\u00ebrimi i bot\u00ebs d\u00ebmtohet aq sa nuk mund ta marr\u00eb m\u00eb veten\u201d. Lajmi i mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se autor\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb bindur q\u00eb ne jemi t\u00eb destinuar t\u00eb zhdukemi, bile ata mendojn\u00eb se njer\u00ebzimi do t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb edhe shum\u00eb koh\u00eb akoma, mbase miliona vjet. \u201cDinozaur\u00ebt mbijetuan 135 milion\u00eb vjet dhe, n\u00ebse tregohemi inteligjent\u00eb, ka gjasa q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jetojm\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb\u201d, shkruan ata. N\u00eb bot\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar afro 108 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb prej fillimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit dhe autor\u00ebt vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse njer\u00ebzimi zgjat edhe p\u00ebr 50 milion\u00eb vjet, numri total i njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb Tok\u00eb do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 3 katriliard\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim optimist i s\u00eb ardhmes t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, por ia vlen t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh masa mbrojt\u00ebse edhe kund\u00ebr evenimenteve me probabilitet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb apokalipsin. Ja, cilat jan\u00eb 12 m\u00ebnyrat si mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb ai:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. Ndryshime katastrofike t\u00eb klim\u00ebs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Skenari q\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb autor\u00ebt k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngrohje me 2 grad\u00eb celcius, i llojit q\u00eb meteorolog\u00ebt dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt jan\u00eb duke luftuar ta evitojn\u00eb prej dekadash. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ngrohje 4-6 grad\u00eb, nj\u00eb skenar me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i tmerrsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cilit nuk dihet n\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb mund t\u2019i mbijetonin. Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore (2013), \u201cnuk ka siguri n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur p\u00ebrshtatja ndaj rritjes s\u00eb temperaturave me 4 grad\u00eb celsius\u201d. Nj\u00eb ngrohje e till\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytje e brigjeve t\u00eb detit. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr shum\u00eb i madh njer\u00ebzish do t\u00eb ishte i detyruar t\u00eb zhvendosej. Edhe bujq\u00ebsia do t\u00eb p\u00ebsonte shum\u00eb d\u00ebme. Pamlin dhe Armstrong shprehin gjithashtu shqet\u00ebsimet e tyre p\u00ebr gjeo-inxhinierin\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb skenar t\u00eb till\u00eb ngrohjeje globale, sp\u00ebrkatja e stratosfer\u00ebs me gazra sulfate p\u00ebr t\u00eb ftohur Tok\u00ebn, mund t\u00eb duket josh\u00ebse p\u00ebr qeverit\u00eb, bile edhe p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, por rreziqet e nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrjeje t\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb panjohura dhe dy autor\u00ebt dalin n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se \u201cfrika m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjeo-inxhinieria mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb efektin e kund\u00ebrt dhe t\u2019i p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb gj\u00ebrat\u201d.<\/p>\n

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      \n
    1. Lufta b\u00ebrthamore<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Lajmi \u201ci mir\u00eb\u201d k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb se lufta b\u00ebrthamore mund t\u2019i jepte fund njer\u00ebzimit vet\u00ebm n\u00eb disa rrethana shum\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. D\u00ebme t\u00eb kufizuara, si bombardimi amerikan i Hiroshim\u00ebs dhe Nagasakit n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb katastrofa p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin, por nuk do t\u00eb shkaktonin zhdukjen e tij. Edhe bombardime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha nuk do ta kishin k\u00ebt\u00eb efekt, thon\u00eb Pamlin dhe Armstrong. \u201cEdhe sikur e gjith\u00eb popullsia e Evrop\u00ebs, Rusis\u00eb dhe SHBA-s\u00eb t\u00eb zhdukeshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, nj\u00eb skenar q\u00eb studimet kan\u00eb treguar se \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur duke pasur parasysh shp\u00ebrndarjen e njer\u00ebzve dhe numrin e bombave q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb, kjo nuk do kishte nivelin e impaktit q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm m\u00eb lart, ku 2 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb zhdukeshin\u201d, shkruajn\u00eb ata. At\u00ebher\u00eb, pse ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00eb lufta b\u00ebrthamore? P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dimrit b\u00ebrthamor, i cili shkaktohet n\u00ebse shum\u00eb bomba shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, temperaturat do t\u00eb binin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike, duke d\u00ebmtuar prodhimin e ushqimeve dhe duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur jet\u00ebn n\u00eb Tok\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb n\u00ebse kjo do t\u00eb ishte e mundur dhe se sa e madhe duhet t\u00eb ishte lufta p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e madhe b\u00ebrthamore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkak i mundsh\u00ebm i zhdukjes s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit.<\/p>\n

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        \n
      1. Epidemit\u00eb bot\u00ebrore<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt thon\u00eb se dy nga epidemit\u00eb m\u00eb vdekjeprur\u00ebse t\u00eb historis\u00eb jan\u00eb shkaktuar nga dy shtama t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs baktere, t\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs dhe paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb se versione t\u00eb saj t\u00eb reja mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb epidemi n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Ashtu si n\u00eb rastin e luft\u00ebs b\u00ebrthamore, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e leht\u00eb zhdukja. Edhe gjat\u00eb epidemive t\u00eb kaluara, si n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Vdekjes s\u00eb Zez\u00eb apo gripit spanjoll t\u00eb vitit 1918, jan\u00eb vrar\u00eb me miliona njer\u00ebz, por njer\u00ebzimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur. \u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur kjo? Mjek\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm q\u00eb prej gripit spanjoll, por nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar l\u00ebvizja e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb gjata dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz jan\u00eb duke jetuar n\u00eb zonat urbane me nj\u00eb dend\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb popullsie. Kjo e b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mundur transmetimin e mikrobeve. Edhe nj\u00eb epidemi mbar\u00ebbot\u00ebrore q\u00eb do t\u00eb vriste pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do t\u00eb linte gjall\u00eb disa njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kan\u00eb imunitet ndaj s\u00ebmundjes. Rreziku nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se nj\u00eb infektim i vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb vriste gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, frika q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se zhdukja e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre do t\u00eb ndikonte te prodhimi, sidomos te bujq\u00ebsia dhe k\u00ebshtu, t\u00eb mbijetuarit nuk do t\u00eb kishin me \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb jetonin.<\/p>\n

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          \n
        1. Katastrof\u00eb ekologjike<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u201cKolapsi ekologjik i referohet situat\u00ebs kur ekosistemi t\u00eb p\u00ebsoj\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktim drastik, mund\u00ebsisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm, t\u00eb aft\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur gjith\u00eb organizmat e gjall\u00eb, shpesh duke rezultuar me nj\u00eb zhdukje n\u00eb mas\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb raporti. Zhdukja n\u00eb mas\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb num\u00ebr arsyesh, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave kan\u00eb kategorit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb: Ngrohja globale, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje me nj\u00eb asteroid, etj. Gazetarja Elizabet Kolbert ka th\u00ebn\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit po shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb eveniment t\u00eb zhdukjes n\u00eb mas\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb emetimit t\u00eb karbonit. Meq\u00eb p\u00ebr ushqimin apo burimet e tjera njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb varur nga ekosistemet (natyrale apo artificiale), na k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon edhe zhdukja p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre ekosistemeve.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Kolaps i sistemit global<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkak paksa i vagullt, por n\u00eb thelb n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb kolaps t\u00eb sistemeve ekonomike dhe politike t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, nga di\u00e7ka e till\u00eb si \u201cnj\u00eb kriz\u00eb e fort\u00eb, e zgjatur, me nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb falimentimesh dhe papun\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe, nj\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrim t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb normale, t\u00eb shkaktuar nga superinflacioni, ose edhe nj\u00eb rritje e madhe e vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr shkaqe ekonomike dhe mbase, edhe nj\u00eb pak\u00ebsim i popullsis\u00eb\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb se si k\u00ebto gj\u00ebra do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb rrezik ekzistencial. Njer\u00ebzimi u ka mbijetuar edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb krizave ekonomike, edhe m\u00eb masive se ato t\u00eb Depresionit t\u00eb Madh. Nj\u00eb kolaps ekonomik duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq masiv sa t\u00eb rrezikoj\u00eb zhdukjen e njer\u00ebzve, ose t\u00eb vras\u00eb aq shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz sa t\u00eb mbijetuarit t\u00eb mos e merrnin dot m\u00eb veten.<\/p>\n

            Droni i par\u00eb q\u00eb mban njer\u00ebz<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Ehang 184 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb automjet i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb duket thjesht si nj\u00eb dron gjigand dhe n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb i till\u00eb, por ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i pajisur me nj\u00eb kabin\u00eb aq t\u00eb madhe sa mund t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb njeri. Gjithashtu, droni ka dyer q\u00eb ngrihen lart, p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje m\u00eb \u201ccool\u201d. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb prezantuar t\u00eb m\u00ebrkur\u00ebn n\u00eb Consumer Electronic Shovv. 184-a \u00ebsht\u00eb automjeti i par\u00eb autonom q\u00eb fluturon, i dizenjuar t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb pasagjer brenda n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebra (konsiderojeni m\u00eb shum\u00eb si nj\u00eb helikopter, sesa si aeroplan). Ashtu si dronet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, 184-a p\u00ebrdor 8 helika t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb montuara n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr krah\u00ebt e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb fluturuar dhe q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb aj\u00ebr, megjith\u00ebse nj\u00eb z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs i Ehang-ut tha se ai teknikisht ishte i aft\u00eb t\u00eb ulej n\u00eb tok\u00eb edhe duke p\u00ebrdorur vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb krah, n\u00ebse nevojitet. Nuk jemi t\u00eb sigurt se si ligjet e fizik\u00ebs dhe ekuilibri e lejojn\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb, por k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb mbron shoq\u00ebria q\u00eb e ka prodhuar.<\/p>\n

            T\u00eb gjitha aspektet e fluturimit menaxhohen me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb tablete n\u00eb kabin\u00ebn e tij, duke e lejuar pasagjerin t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb destinacionin, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb 184-a b\u00ebn procesin e fluturimit, udh\u00ebtimit dhe uljes n\u00eb tok\u00eb.<\/p>\n

            P\u00ebr momentin, pesha limit q\u00eb ai mund t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 100 kg dhe n\u00eb kabin\u00eb ka nj\u00eb ark\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl ku mund t\u00eb v\u00ebsh nj\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb shpine ose nj\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb udh\u00ebtimi. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb kabin\u00eb ka aj\u00ebr t\u00eb kondicionuar. Droni \u00ebsht\u00eb afro 1.5 m i lart\u00eb, peshon 200 kg dhe ka nj\u00eb bateri me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb udh\u00ebtosh 23 minuta, me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi 100 km\/or\u00eb. 184-a ngrihet n\u00eb fluturim dhe ulet n\u00eb tok\u00eb vertikalisht, nj\u00ebsoj si nj\u00eb helikopter. Karikimi i bateris\u00eb zgjat dy or\u00eb (procesi i shpejt\u00eb) dhe kat\u00ebr or\u00eb (procesi i ngadalt\u00eb). Thuhet se jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb 100 fluturime prov\u00eb me modelin n\u00eb fjal\u00eb dhe se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr produktit final sesa koncepti i tij. Kat\u00ebr krah\u00ebt me helika mund t\u00eb palosen lart q\u00eb t\u00eb ruhen dhe kur palosen, ai z\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht vendin q\u00eb z\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb makin\u00eb normale n\u00eb parking.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Koh\u00ebt e fundit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb revist\u00eb shkencore, u publikua \u201cnj\u00eb list\u00eb e rreziqeve globale, si pasoj\u00eb e t\u00eb cilave, mund t\u00eb shuhet jeta n\u00eb tok\u00eb\u201d. Dy autor\u00ebt e studimit, Denis Pamlin i Fondacionit t\u00eb Sfidave Globale dhe Stjuart Armstrong i Institutit t\u00eb s\u00eb Ardhmes s\u00eb Njer\u00ebzimit, thon\u00eb se ata flasin p\u00ebr rreziqe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enciklopedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intervista.al\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}